Carl, according to Bobbie, broke their pact. Carl replies that he had no intention of making a deal with Bobbie. The objective theory of contracts is used to determine the intent to enter into a contract.
According to the objective theory of contracts, a contract is legally binding if it appears to a reasonable third party who is not a party to it that an offer has been made and accepted.
There is some debate over whether the Common Law governing contracts required courts to discover the parties' subjective intent in order to recognize the existence of a contract or whether judges were obliged to evaluate the parties' outward actions before deciding whether a contract existed.
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