The inference is that the thing that makes Ricardo's conclusion inappropriate is the lack of replication to other feedings.
It should be noted that an inference simply means the conclusion that can be deducted based on the information that's given in a literary work.
In this case, it was stated that Ricardo suspects that his cat will prefer a new cat food to their current cat food. For his cat's next feeding, he decides to feed his cat in a different room than usual. He puts a bowl of the new food on one side of the room and a bowl of the current food on the other side of the room.
Therefore, the thing that makes Ricardo's conclusion inappropriate is the lack of replication to other feedings. When his cat chooses the new food. Ricardo concludes that his cat prefers the new food to their current food.
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