The right answer is B.
In the respiratory chain:
To reoxidize NADH, it is necessary to go through an electron transport chain: it is a series of proteins inserted into the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
These are aligned in energetic order, the first molecule has more energy than the last one.
The first in the chain picks up a pair of electrons (2e-) at each NADH (an H + proton is also given in the medium so that the NADH regenerate to NAD +) and transfers them to the adjacent molecule.
There are 5 sets of complexes involved in the respiratory chain. The first four (I, II, III and IV) are involved in the transport of electrons and the fifth (V) is involved in the synthesis of ATP.
As this transport progresses, the electrons "lose" their energy.
Finally, at the end of the chain, they are accepted by the oxygen (O2) which combines with protons of the medium to form water (2H + + 2e- + O2 -> H2O).
The energy "lost" by electrons and the presence of protons H + activate an enzyme, ATP synthase, also localized in the inner membrane. This enzyme catalyzes the production of ATP in large quantities.
There are 12 NADHs: 10 from the Krebs cycle and 2 from glycolysis.
In the photosynthesis:
In oxygen photosynthesis, water is the electron donor, whose dissociation releases oxygen while water is reformed from an oxygen atom of carbon dioxide:
2n CO2 + 4n H2O + photons → 2 (CH2O) n + 2n O2 + 2n H2O.
The equation is generally simplified by removing 2n H2O in both terms, giving:
2n CO2 + 2n H2O + photons → 2 (CH2O) n + 2n O2.
The difference between the mitochondria and the chloroplast is that the mitochondria produce the water from oxygen and the chloroplast produces oxygen from water.
Further Explanation:
The chloroplast and the mitochondria are the cell organelle present in the cell which plays the key role in photosynthesis and respiration respectively.
The chloroplast contains stroma and the thylakoid structure where dark and light reaction occurs of the photosynthesis occurs. In the process of photosynthesis the plant utilizes sunlight, carbon dioxide and water molecule to convert it in to the oxygen and water molecule.
In the chloroplast the Calvin cycle operates which leads to the formation of glucose molecule.
The mitochondria contains mitochondrial matrix wherein the Krebs cycle operates. During this cycle the carbon dioxide is produced. The Krebs cycle operates after the glycolysis which leads to the formation of pyruvic acid that gets converted into acetyl CoA. The acetyl CoA then enters into the mitochondria which is used for initiating the Krebs cycle.
Mitochondria is present in both plants and animals whereas the chloroplast is present in the plants only as photosynthesis process is specific to plants.
Learn more:
1. Learn more about aerobic and anaerobic respiration https://brainly.com/question/1544781
2. Learn more about cellular respiration https://brainly.com/question/543244
3. Learn more about carbohydrate https://brainly.com/question/6947177
Answer Details:
Grade: College Biology
Subject: Biology
Chapter: Bioenergetics
Keywords:
Chloroplast, mitochondria, cell organelle, photosynthesis, respiration, stroma, thylakoid structure, dark and light reaction , sunlight, carbon dioxide, oxygen, Calvin cycle , glucose molecule, mitochondria , mitochondrial matrix , Krebs cycle , carbon dioxide , glycolysis, pyruvic acid, m acetyl CoA.
