The reason why new taxes such as the Stamp Act and Sugar Act such a surprise to the colonists after the French and Indian War was because it was a shift from the policy of Salutary Neglect.
What was Salutary Neglect?
This was a policy that the British had used on the English colonies which allowed them to govern themselves for the most part so long as they maintained loyalty to the British. They did not tax the American colonies directly and would not impose taxes.
This is why the direct taxes of the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act shocked American colonies as they could not believe that the British were deviating from Salutary Neglect and taking their freedoms.
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