C) Loss tangent; is the major factor for determining whether a medium is a free space, lossless dielectric, loss of dielectric or good conductor.
The term "loss tangent" refers to the measurement of signal loss resulting from the natural electromagnetic energy dissipation in the printed circuit board substrate. It is also known as the Loss Factor, Tan, Dissipation Factor, and Loss Angle and is a dimensionless number. The term "Dipole Moment" refers to the total amount of polarization that can take place in a dielectric and is dependent on the insulator material's molecular symmetry. Loss Tangent describes the result of the dipole moment in a dielectric substrate.
The phase angle between the resistive and reactive parts of a system with permittivity is what is known as the loss tangent in mathematics. A "quick" substrate is produced by loss tangents with low values, whereas "slow" substrates are produced by tangents with high values.
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