The correct option is e. The earliest statement of the principle of comparative advantage is associated with David Ricardo.
David Ricardo (1772–1823) was a classical economist best known for his theories on rents, comparative advantage, wages and profit, and the labor theory of value. The law of declining marginal returns was independently and concurrently discovered by David Ricardo and a number of other economists. Principles of Political Economy and Taxation is his most famous work. According to Ricardo's renowned comparative advantage theory, countries can benefit from a trade advantage by concentrating on producing items that have the lowest opportunity costs when compared to those of other countries.
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