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Internally, the central processing unit (CPU) consists of two parts which are the control unit and arithmetic logic unit.

The control unit can be described as an integral part of the central processing unit (CPU) that interacts with the main memory as it receives directions from the memory in a sequential manner and depending on these requirements starts off the other units of the system. However, the control unit does not have the ability to itself store the data.

Arithmetic logic unit abbreviated as ALU can perform basic operations such as addition, subtraction, division, multiplication, etc. Whenever calculations are required, the control unit transfers the data from the storage unit to ALU. When the operations are done, the result is transferred back to the storage unit.

ALU routinely performs the following operations:

  1. Logical operations: These include AND, OR, NOT, XOR, NOR, NAND, etc
  2. Bit-shifting operations: This pertains to shifting the position of the bits by a certain number of places to the right or left, which is considered a multiplication operation
  3. Arithmetic operations: This refers to bit addition and subtraction. Although multiplication and division are sometimes used, these operations are more expensive to make. Addition can be used to substitute for multiplication and subtraction for division.

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