Formal charges represent the actual charges on atoms in a molecule.
The formal charge can be used to determine the most plausible Lewis structure for a given compound.
A formal charge is defined as the charge that is assigned to an atom in a molecule in which we assume that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally between two atoms without relative electronegativity. The formula for assigning formal charge to atoms in the Lewis structures is given below:
Formal charge = Number of valence electrons - (number of lone-pair electrons + half number of bonding electrons).
''Lone pair electrons" are also called "nonbonding pairs" or "unshared pairs". When an atom has several bonds and a complete octet shell, then its formal charge is 0. Formal Charge is the charge of an atom in a molecule or ion in which all of the bonding electrons were divided between atoms in the bond equally.
So we can conclude that options A and C are the correct answer.
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