This poem has an ominous, gloomy tone overall. The theme of The Hollow Men is that war destroys both men and society. This theme is expressed through imagery, similes, allusions, and metaphors.
The "Hollow Men" in the poem are also imprisoned in some type of between-world, a limbo or purgatory between existence and nothingness, light and darkness.
In five sections, Eliot allows the Hollow Men to speak for themselves from their between-world, which is simultaneously a desert (dubbed "cactus land") and a place suggestive of entropic decay, as though the end of the world or even the universe has arrived: that fading star and the general lifelessness of the world the Hollow Men live in imply that this land of twilight is a world in its death throes.
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