The prosperity of these Italian city-states was crucial to the Renaissance. By supporting artists, scientists, and philosophers, wealthy families were able to advance new ideas and aesthetic movements. The Renaissance got its start in Florence.
Throughout the Middle Ages and the early Modern Era, a group of cities on the Italian Peninsula declared their independence from the major governing forces.
Popular sovereignty, sometimes known as the rule of the people, was mainly how the cities were governed, however this description typically only applied to the richer segments of society.
Particularly during the Italian Renaissance, the city-states were microcosms of culture and innovation and made a substantial contribution to the trade, commerce, and growth of Europe.
The natural landscape of Italy and the geographic isolation of the majority of the city-states allowed the cities to develop without being heavily influenced by more powerful geopolitical forces. As a result, the political systems of each city-state varied, generating a dynamic distinct from that of the rest of early modern Europe.
The conditions for popular sovereignty in the individual cities were established by this eventual push for independence.
The city-states of Milan and Florence, which attained independence in 1115 and 1183 respectively, constituted the other primary sources of power via governance in the upper Middle Ages, along with Venice, Naples, and the Papal States.
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