the involvement by a company in more than one of the activities in the entire value chain from development through production, distribution, sales, and after-sales service is called .

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Vertical integration ,a company's vertical integration into many value chain operations, including development, production, distribution, sales, and after-sales services

The integrating (to include as a constituent portion or functionality) of successive phases in the manufacturing and marketing process under the ownership or direction of a single management organization is known as vertical integration. As a result, such a corporation typically participates in a variety of operations throughout the full value chain. This aids in cost-cutting, ensures tighter quality control, and improves information flow and control throughout the value chain.

Vertical integration is the process of bringing together subsequent phases of the manufacturing and marketing process under the ownership or direction of a single management organization. As a result, such a corporation typically participates in a variety of operations throughout the full value chain. This aids in cost-cutting, ensures tighter quality control, and improves information flow and control throughout the value chain. A corporation is vertically integrated when it participates in multiple value chain activities. A corporation with vertical integration has less

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