In eukaryotic cells, a Signal peptide by a biochemical pathway targets a growing peptide to the endoplasmic reticulum.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which extends from the nuclear membrane throughout the cytoplasm, is a network of tubules and sacs (cisternae) that are membrane-enclosed. The biggest organelle in the majority of eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum is completely encircled by a continuous membrane. Its membrane may make up roughly half of all cell membranes, and the lumen, or cisternal space, that the ER encloses may make up around 10% of the volume of the entire cell. There are two main types of ER, and they each serve a particular purpose inside the cell, as will be covered below. The rough ER, which processes proteins, has ribosomes covering its outside surface.
The radiolabeled proteins were found in the Golgi apparatus if the cells were subsequently briefly treated in medium containing nonradioactive amino acids (a procedure known as a chase). After prolonged chase times, secretory vesicles carrying the radiolabeled proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface merged with the plasma membrane to discharge their contents outside of the cell.
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