Sonar is largely used by NOAA scientists to create nautical charts, find underwater navigational hazards, find and map things on the bottom like shipwrecks, and map the actual seafloor. Sonar comes in active and passive varieties.
Why do we use sonar to investigate the ocean floor?
Due to the fact that sound waves travel further in water than radar and light waves, sonar is utilised in oceanography. The passenger freighter Robert E. Lee as captured by side-scan sonar in 2001 by the HUGIN 3000 AUV.
Reversed geomagnetic field
In the early 20th century, scientists were able to first recognise the process of seafloor spreading thanks to the magnetism of mid-ocean ridges.
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