DNP acts catalytically in the sense that one DNP molecule can mediate the transport of multiple protons into the matrix: after deprotonating in the matrix (due to the higher pH), DNP cycles back across the membrane to bind and bring another proton into the matrix.
One important implication is that DNP is toxic in very small amounts.
DNP, Dinitrophenol, functions as a chemical ionophore, preventing final energy transformation by transferring proton ions (H+) required for ATP synthesis throughout the mitochondrial membrane by enhancing proton leakage.
As it is implemented into mitochondrial membranes, DNP progressively restricts electron transport. The effects appear to be dependent on DNP and mitochondrial concentrations, and they differ through one preparation to the following.
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