Which of the following describes the effect regional bipartisanship had on the parties in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Most states became one-party states, leading to factionalism within the two major parties.

Geographic differences resulted in intraparty disputes, leading to a breakdown in each party’s leadership.

Grassroots organizations increasingly challenged the two major parties, demanding greater representation for local communities and issues.

Many citizens became disillusioned with the fighting between the two major regional parties, prompting a flurry of third-party formation efforts.

Congress, split evenly between two parties, became stalemated over critical issues and forced the parties to revise their principles and platforms.