At firs the Constitution used to limit greatly the powers of a President of the Nation. That changed over the years. George Washington, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson already made it so the presidency was way more influential than what it was meant to be at first. until the 1930s, though, Congress was still the dominant branch of the national government. That is, until the 21th came in, when Presidents became way more powerful. Maybe as powerful as Congress.
The answer is:
c. presidents have gained more power to act independently of congress
