Answer:
1. Contrast and realism
2. Three dimensionality
Explanation:
Chiaroscuro is an oil painting technique developed during the Renaissance that uses strong tonal contrasts between the three-dimensional forms of light and dark for the model, often for dramatic effects. The underlying principle is that the solidity of the form is best achieved by the light falling against it. Artists known for the development of the technique include Leonardo da Vinci, Caravaggio and Rembrandt. It is a key element of black and white and low photography.
The claroscuro, in a two-dimensional image, such as a wall, a panel, a screen, a paper photographic print, gives the illusion of relief, volumes mimicking the effects that light produces on these volumes in real space. Modeling, this representation of volumes, can be done by means other than by claroscuro, as was the case in the Middle Ages.
