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Because they have their own specific culture, traditions, history, language, and art.

The Basques are an example of an ethnic group because they have common similarities such as:  ancestry, language, history, society . Ethnicity is an inherited status, members of an ethic group also tend to share symbolic systems such as religion, mythology, cuisine, dressing style, art or physical appearance.

The Basques are centered in the region of Northern Spain ans South-Western France. They are considered to be Europe's oldest inhabitants and their language, Euskara, is not related to any other known language. Their typical basque costume includes the well known beret, txapela, with a red neckerchief.

Many Basques consider themselves to be separate people from the French and the Spanish and wish for an independent Basque country. Some independentist  groups formed the terrorist organization called ETA that killed nearly a thousand people.