Answer:
Approximately 9 x 10^21 kilograms (or 9 sextillion kilograms) of hydrogen are converted into energy in the sun every second.
Explanation:
In the sun, hydrogen undergoes nuclear fusion to form helium, releasing a tremendous amount of energy. The most common fusion process in the sun is the proton-proton chain reaction, in which four hydrogen nuclei combine to form a helium nucleus. In this process, about 0.7% of the mass of the hydrogen nuclei is converted into energy according to Einstein's famous equation, E=mc^2.
The mass of a single hydrogen atom is approximately 1.67 x 10^-27 kg. To calculate the amount of hydrogen converted into energy, we first need to determine the total mass of hydrogen that undergoes fusion in the sun each second. The sun converts about 600 million tons of hydrogen into helium every second. This corresponds to 6 x 10^23 kg of hydrogen per second.
Using the mass-energy equivalence formula, E=mc^2, where c is the speed of light (approximately 3 x 10^8 m/s), we can calculate the amount of energy released per kg of hydrogen when it undergoes fusion. By plugging in the values, we find that about 0.015 kg of hydrogen is converted into energy every second in the sun.
Therefore, approximately 9 x 10^21 kilograms (or 9 sextillion kilograms) of hydrogen are converted into energy in the sun every second.
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