Who ultimately decides what effects such things as affirmative action have on the country?
Congress
the president
the states
Supreme Court
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The Supreme Court ultimately decides what effects things like affirmative action have on the country. Here's why:

1. Interpretation of Laws: The Supreme Court is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and federal laws. This includes determining the constitutionality of policies like affirmative action.

2. Legal Precedents: The Court's decisions set legal precedents that guide how affirmative action and similar policies are implemented and regulated across the country.

3. Judicial Review: Through the process of judicial review, the Supreme Court has the authority to review the constitutionality of laws, executive actions, and policies related to affirmative action.

4. Final Authority: As the highest court in the land, the Supreme Court has the final say on legal matters, including those impacting affirmative action and its effects on the country.

In summary, while Congress, the president, and the states play important roles in shaping policies like affirmative action, the Supreme Court holds the ultimate authority in deciding the legal implications and effects of such policies on the nation.