Answer:
A) separation of powers
Explanation:
The separation of powers or division of powers is a political principle in some forms of government, in which the legislative, executive and judicial powers of the State are exercised by distinct, autonomous and independent organs of government. This is the fundamental quality that characterizes representative and presidential democracy.
Montesquieu argued that “every man who has power is inclined to abuse it; He goes until he finds limits. So that power cannot be abused, it is necessary that, by the disposition of things, power hold power." In this way, the surveillance of the three powers among themselves is entrusted as each one watches, controls and stops the excesses of the others to prevent, by their ambition, that one of them prevails over the others.
In drafting the Constitution of the United States, the founding fathers included features of many novel concepts, including hard-earned historical lessons about the controls and balances of power and the then-new concept of separation of powers. As colonies of Great Britain, the founding fathers considered that the American States had suffered the abuse of the broad power of parliament and monarchy. As a remedy, the US Constitution limits the powers of the federal government through various means, in particular by dividing the functions and separating the power of the State between three branches, each branch controls the actions of others and balances their powers in some way.
