The correct answer is letter A. The testimony of the psychologist Mamie Phipps Clark helped in the Brown v. Board of Education ruling that no schools should support racial segregation.
Her work called "The Development of Consciousness in Negro Pre-School Children" surveyed 150 pre-school aged black children and asked them to choose among pictures of white and black children to decide which one was the most similar to themselves. This study showed a distinct racial awareness in children, which led to Clark's most important and impacting study for the psychology field: The Doll Test. In this experiment, 253 black children were shown four dolls: two white-skinned and yellow-haired and two brown-skinned and black-haired. The majority of black girls preferred to play with the white yellow-haired doll, and most of them would assign negative traits to the black dolls.
All of her work, and her testimony on the case helped the ruling and still helps all of the psychology field discussion towards race.
