You didn’t underline anything in any of the sentences, so I’ll try to answer the best I can.
1. Assuming the underlined part is ‘a fable’s moral may be explicitly stated,’ the correct answer is A. independent clause. An independent clause is a clause which can exist on its own – it doesn’t need anything else to be complete, unlike a subordinate clause (noun, adjectival, adverbial clauses). In fact, both of these clauses are independent in this sentence.
2. Assuming the underlined part is ‘if you look at most cultures,’ the correct answer is B. adverbial clause. It is a subordinate clause for sure, given that it cannot exist on its own, so A is definitely incorrect. Given that it gives us information related to adverbial meaning (when you look…), it has to be an adverbial clause as well.
3. Here, I’m not sure which part of the sentence is underlined, but it doesn’t really matter – both clauses are independent, so A is the correct answer here. Both clauses ‘fables existed in’ … AND ‘there are many modern…’ are independent, which means they can stand on their own, thus they cannot be subordinate clauses.
4. I’m not sure what’s underlined here either, so I’m going to explain both clauses. If ‘The fables of La Fontaine owe much to Aesop’ is underlined, then it is an independent clause given that this sentence sounds complete as it is. However, if ‘who was extremely versatile’ is underlined, then it is a subordinate clause because it is incomplete – it is an adjectival clause because it describes the noun Aesop.
Fill in the Blank
5. Did you know that heart disease kills people every day?
This would be a B. direct object. You can easily find a direct object in a sentence by asking the question ‘What?’ So here, What did you know? And the answer is – That heart disease kills people every day. Thus, it is a direct object.
6. How people can learn about heart health interests me.
Here, this would be a A. subject. If this is too complicated for you, just shorten the sentence and say ‘That’ instead of the whole thing. So, ‘That interests me.’ Now you know that ‘That’ is the subject, ‘interests’ is the verb, and ‘me’ is the object. So the entire sentence ‘how people can learn about heart health’ is used as a subject.
7. Clear and reliable information about heart disease is what people want from the media.
The correct answer is E. predicate nominative. Predicate nominative is the first noun located after the linking verb (usually the verb ‘TO BE,’ or here ‘IS’). Since there is no noun here, but rather a noun clause, it functions the same. The entire clause ‘what people want from the media’ is used as a predicate nominative.
8. Nutritionists tell whoever will listen facts about the heart.
The correct answer is C. indirect object. In English, if there are two objects in one sentence (an indirect and a direct object), the rule is that the indirect object will come first. So here, the direct object is ‘facts about the heart,’ which means that the object in front of it ‘whoever will listen’ is an indirect object.
9. People are often surprised by what they learn from these experts.
The correct answer is D. object of a preposition. First, we have to find the preposition in this sentence, and that is the word ‘by.’ This means that everything following this preposition is used as its object – the object of a preposition. So the entire noun clause, ‘what they learn from these experts’ is used as object of the preposition BY.
