Considering the definition of photosynthesis, the correct answer is the second option: "Xylem transports water, stomata take in carbon dioxide, and chlorophyll absorbs sunlight."
First, you have to know that photosynthesis is a metabolic process carried out by certain cells of autotrophic organisms, that is, those that have the capacity to make their own food, such as plants.
With this process, autotrophic organisms capture the energy of sunlight and transform it into chemical energy, to produce organic matter.
Photosynthesis takes place in 2 stages:
- In the first stage, plants absorb water from the soil through their roots. The xylem is responsible for conducting these amounts of water and some inorganic and organic compounds from the root to the rest of the plant's organs. In the leaves, the water meets the sunlight captured by chlorophyll, which breaks the water molecule, separating hydrogen (H) from oxygen (O₂).
- The other stage is the capture of carbon dioxide. This process is carried out through the stomata, which are pores on the surface of the plants, found mostly on the leaves and to a lesser extent on the stems and other organs. Stomata allow gas exchange, entering carbon dioxide (CO₂) and releasing oxygen (O₂). So the carbon dioxide that enters provides the carbon and oxygen atoms that, together with the hydrogen and stored energy, will form the glucose molecule.
So sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water are required for photosynthesis, while oxygen is released into the environment.
In summary, the correct answer is the second option: "Xylem transports water, stomata take in carbon dioxide, and chlorophyll absorbs sunlight."
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