These models provide various explanations for the disparities in
economic development. Wallerstein’s world systems theory divides the
world into core, semi-periphery, and periphery nations. According to
this theory, core nations are highly developed nations, semi-periphery
are developing nations, and periphery are underdeveloped nations. This
theory intersects with the Brandt Line model of economic geography in
that most underdeveloped nations fall within the Brandt Line, which
divides the world between the North and South, the North being developed
nations. Furthermore, according to Wallerstein, core and periphery
nations work together for their developmental needs. Yet, from a
neocolonialist perspective, these core nations also once were the
colonizers of the peripheral nations. As a result, they continue to
dictate the underdeveloped nations' economies and trade, and
subsequently, their independence. Economic growth is required for
periphery countries to move from subsistence/agricultural economies to
industrialization, as the Rostow Modernization model demands.
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