Respuesta :

Answer;

High-energy electrons pump hydrogen ions against the concentration gradient.

Explanation;

-The electron transport chain sets up a proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, with more protons outside the membrane.

-As a result of this gradient, the protons are waiting to get across the membrane. This happens through the transmembrane protein ATP synthase, which uses the energy moving protons through its pore to add a phosphate to ADP, thus producing ATP.

During the electron transport chain, ATP synthase leads to the production of large amounts of ATP.

Further Explanation:

Electron transport chain mainly occurs in mitochondria. The electron transport chain sets up a proton concentration gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane, with more protons outside the membrane. Due to this concentration gradient, the protons are going outside the membrane. This movement is possible due to transmembrane protein, ATP synthase.

The ATP is produced by the use of proton motive force this reaction is catalyzed by ATP synthase. This multiprotein synthase is also well-known as F0 F1 complex .The ATP molecule is synthesized when proton flow back from the inner membrane down the electrochemical proton gradient. ATP synthase mainly has two components F1 ATPase and F0 which is fixed in the inner membrane and contain alpha, beta and C unit.

As the electrons travel along the electron transport chain, energy is released which helps in the pumping of protons (ions) into the lumen from the stroma through the thylakoid membrane. A proton gradient is allows the movement of protons back to the stroma which in turn results in the formation of ATP through membrane-bound ATP synthase

Learn more:

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Plant Cell

Keywords:

ATP synthase, membrane, alpha, beta, proton motive force, Electron transport chain, mitochondria, thylakoid membrane, stroma, energy, proton.

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