Answer:
Neon = Ne
Sodium Cation = Na⁺
Magnesium Cation = Mg⁺⁺
Explanation:
Ions are generated when an atom or of atoms gains or looses electrons. When an atom gains electrons it is converted into Anions (with -ve charge) and when it looses electrons it is converted into Cations (with +ve charge).
Hence, Cations are those species which contain positive charge.
As we know Neon is the noble element with atomic number 10 and contains 10 electrons in neutral state. Hence, it is the atom with 10 electrons.
While Sodium has 11 electrons in its neutral state with following electronic configuration.
1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s¹
The valence electron in 3rd shell can be easily donated by sodium atom as the resulting stable configuration will be of a noble gas. Hence forming Na⁺.
Also, Magnesium has 12 electrons in its neutral state with following electronic configuration.
1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s²
The valence electrons in 3rd shell can be easily donated by magnesium atom as the resulting stable configuration will be of a noble gas. Hence forming Mg⁺².
The chemical symbols for 10 different atomic cations with 10 electrons are: Ne, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Al³⁺
In an atom there are levels of energy in the skin and sub skin.
This energy level is expressed in the form of electron configurations.
Writing electron configurations starts from the lowest to the highest sub-shell energy level. There are 4 sub skins in the skin of an atom, namely s, p, d and f. The maximum number of electrons for each sub skin is
Charging electrons in the sub skin uses the following sequence:
1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶, 4s², 3d¹⁰, 4p⁶, 5s², 4d¹⁰, 5p⁶, 6s², etc.
Each sub-skin also has an orbital depicted in the form of a square in which there are electrons symbolized by half arrows.
An atom or cation that has 10 electrons means having an electron configuration as follows:
1s², 2s², 2p⁶
Judging from this configuration, the elements are in period 2 and group 8A
So the elements that meet are Ne
Whereas cations that meet 10 electrons are elements that release electrons so that they correspond to the electron configuration of the element Ne
and this element is located in period 3
This element is:
Na releases 1 electron into Na⁺ so that it matches the electron Ne configuration
Mg releases 2 electrons into Mg²⁺ so that it matches the electron Ne configuration
Al releases 3 electrons into Al³⁺ so that it matches the electron Ne configuration
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Keywords: electron configurations, the skin of atoms, Ne, Na⁺, Mg²⁺,Al³⁺
