Let us represent the allowance spent by Noah on Monday by the letter "x".
We know that all the fractions must always add up to 1 in such questions.
Thus, if Noah spent 1/6 of his allowance on Tuesday and 3/6 of it on Friday and he spend x amount on Monday, then these spendings must add up to 1.
In other words,
[tex] x+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{3}{6}=1 [/tex]
[tex] x+\frac{1+3}{6}=1 [/tex]
Thus, [tex] x+\frac{4}{6}=1 [/tex]
[tex] \therefore x=1-\frac{4}{6}=\frac{6-4}{6}=\frac{2}{6}=\frac{1}{3} [/tex]
Thus Noah spent a third or [tex] \frac{1}{3} [/tex] of her allowance on Monday.