The correct answer is A) both civilizations suffered devastating losses through exposure to European diseases.
The similar effect that European colonialism had on American and African civilizations was that both civilizations suffered devastating losses through exposure to European diseases.
Native tribes in Africa and South America were very healthy people that live in good conditions due to their healthy habits. That changed when European conquerors invaded South America and African territories to colonize them. Europeans had diseases never known by the Indians in South America or the tribes in Africa. This contagious diseases killed thousands of people in both continents.
