Lactase is the enzyme needed to digest lactose, the sugar found in milk. Most mammals produce lactase when they are young but stop once nursing ends. In humans however, many people continue to produce lactase into adulthood and are referred to as lactase-persistent.

Which of the following mutations is most likely to cause lactase persistence in humans?

A. A nucleotide substitution in the coding region of the lactase gene that interferes with the interaction between lactase and lactose

B. A mutation that turns off the expression of transcription factors that activate the expression of lactase

C. A mutation that increases the binding of transcription factors to the promoter of the lactase gene

D. The insertion of a single nucleotide into the lactase gene that results in the formation of a stop codon

A mutation in a single nucleotide, in which thymine replaces cytosine, in the region that controls the expression of the lactase gene is what causes the lactase persistence trait.

This mutation first occurred in Hungry, and then it spread out to other regions of Europe, Africa, and Asia.

This mutation allowed humans to digest milk during adulthood.

According to this information, we can assume that the correct option is A). A nucleotide substitution in the coding region of the lactase gene that interferes with the interaction between lactase and lactose.

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