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A buffered solution will resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

How does a buffer withstand pH changes?

  • Buffers are solutions that resist pH changes when small amounts of acid or base are added. They are able to do so because they contain an acidic component, HA, which neutralises OH- ions, and a basic component, A-, which neutralises H+ ions.
  • Because Ka is a constant, the [H+] will be directly proportional to the [HA]/[A-] ratio. Buffer, as defined, is a conjugate acid-base pair that can withstand pH changes when small amounts of strong acids or bases are added.
  • When a strong base is added, the buffer's acid neutralises the hydroxide ions (OH -start superscript, start text, negative, end text, end superscript).
  • The strong acid reacts with the weak base in the buffer to form a weak acid, which produces few H ions in solution and therefore only a little change in pH.

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