The most common spark-ignited internal combustion engines use gasoline as their primary fuel (or petrol in British and Australian English; see Etymology for naming variants and geographic usage). Gasoline is a clear, petroleum-derived combustible liquid (also known as petrol engines).
- It mostly comprises of organic compounds made from petroleum fractional distillation that have been improved with various additions. In the United States, refineries typically create 19 to 20 gallons of gasoline, 11 to 13 gallons of distillate fuel, the majority of which is sold as diesel fuel, and 3 to 4 gallons of jet fuel from a barrel of crude oil. The crude oil test and oil refinery processing determine the product ratio. 42 US gallons, or around 159 liters or 35 imperial gallons, is the standard measurement for the volume of an oil barrel.
- The octane rating, which comes in several grades, is used to gauge a gasoline blend's ability to resist premature ignition, which results in knocking and lowers efficiency in reciprocating engines.
- Other than in aviation, off-road, and auto-racing applications, lead compounds such as tetraethyl lead and other lead compounds that were once often employed to raise octane ratings are no longer in use. In order to increase chemical stability and performance qualities, reduce corrosiveness, and offer fuel system cleaning, additional chemicals are commonly added to gasoline. To promote combustion, gasoline may contain compounds that contain oxygen, such as ethanol, MTBE, or ETBE.
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