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Modernism was the most influential literary movement in England and America during the first half of the twentieth century. It encompassed such works as The Waste Land (1922), by T. S. Eliot, Ulysses (1922), by James Joyce, and The Great Gatsby (1925), by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Representing an unequivocal rejection of Victorian aesthetic standards, moral precepts, and literary techniques, Modernism was initiated during the opening decade of the century, a time of extensive experimentation in the arts. Writers of the movement embraced the psychological theories of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung and the anthropological relativism espoused by Sir James Frazer, and in their works the Modernists emphasized the psychological state of a character through the use of such devices as the interior monologue, or stream-of-consciousness narrative.


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Modernist literature was a transcendently English type of fiction composing, mainstream from generally the 1910s into the 1960s. Modernist literature made its mark because of expanding industrialization and globalization.

Journalists responded to what was happening to the world by moving in the direction of Modernist sentiments.  

Rather than new innovation, the Modernist author saw cold machinery and increased capitalism, which distanced the individual and prompted dejection.  

To accomplish the feelings depicted above, most Modernist fiction was thrown in the first person. Though prior, most writing had an unmistakable starting, center, and end the Modernist story was regularly was more of a stream of consciousness. Irony, satire, and comparisons were regularly utilized to call attention to society's ills. For the first-time Modernist peruser would all be able to feel like the story is going nowhere.